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"# HttpClient 初始化与生命周期管理"
]
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"HttpClient 旨在实例化一次,并在应用程序的整个生命周期内重复使用。\n",
"\n",
"为实现复用,HttpClient类库默认使用连接池和请求管道,可以手动管理(连接池、配置管道、使用Polly); 结合IoC容器、工厂模式(提供了IHttpClientFactory类库)、复原库Polly,可以更加方便、完善的使用,这也是推荐的方法。"
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"//全局设置,行运行一次,为后续准备\n",
"#r \"nuget:System.Net.Http.Json\"\n",
"#r \"nuget:Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection\"\n",
"#r \"./Publish/HttpClientStudy.Core/HttpClientStudy.Core.dll\"\n",
"global using System.Net.Http;\n",
"global using System.Net.Http.Headers;\n",
"global using HttpClientStudy.Config;\n",
"global using HttpClientStudy.Core;\n",
"global using HttpClientStudy.Core.Utilities;\n",
"//启动已发布的WebApi项目\n",
"Console.WriteLine(\"启动WebApi项目\");\n",
"var startMessage = DotnetCommondUtility.ExecuteCommand(\"exec\",\"./Publish/HttpClientStudy.WebApp/HttpClientStudy.WebApp.dll\");\n",
"Console.WriteLine(startMessage);\n"
"## 1、手动管理:直接实例化-强烈不推荐"
"下面这种每次使用都实例化的用法是最常见、最`不推荐的`:\n",
"因为HttpClient刚推出时不成熟及微软官方文档的示例代码是这种用法,再加上这种是最简单方便的使用方法,就造成很多人使用这种用法。\n",
"这种方法有如下缺点:\n",
"+ 1. 每次使用都实例化,造成性能开销大、容易内存泄露;\n",
"+ 2. 并发量大、请求频繁时:网络端口会被耗尽 `Using包HttpClient,也只是在应用进程中释放了HttpClient实例,但http请求/响应是跨操作系统和网络的,而系统及网络问题在进程之上,不是进程所能处理的。`\n",
" \n",
"优点:\n",
"+ 1. 使用简单,好学易用;\n",
"+ 2. 并发量小且请求不频繁时,问题不大;"
"/*\n",
" 每次请求都实例化:并发量大、请求频繁进会耗尽套接字端口\n",
"*/\n",
"{ \n",
" using(var client = new HttpClient())\n",
" {\n",
" //发送请求\n",
" var response = await client.GetAsync(\"http://localhost\");\n",
" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
" }\n",
" //显示句柄\n",
" var displayValue = display($\"第 1 次请求,成功!\");\n",
" for(int i=0;i<10;i++)\n",
" displayValue.Update($\"第 {i+1} 次/ 共 10 次请求,成功!\");\n",
"}"
"## 2、手动管理:静态类或单例"
"## 3、手动管理:多工具类(每类请求对应一种工具类或单例类)"
"## 4、手动管理:可复原(Polly)请求"
"## 5、IoC容器管理:类型化的客户端"
"## 6、客户端工厂管理:IHttpClientFactory(需要结合IoC)"
"## 7、综合管理:工厂 + 类型化客户端 + 请求管道 + Polly(默认使用 连接池和IoC容器)"
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