HttpClientStudy/Docs/1.3.7.基础使用.使用Cookie.ipynb

{
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      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "dotnet_interactive": {
          "language": "csharp"
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        "polyglot_notebook": {
          "kernelName": "csharp"
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      },
      "source": [
        "在 HttpClient 中使用 Cookie\n",
        "============================="
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "Cookie 是服务器存储在客户端的小型数据片段，可用于身份验证、会话跟踪等。\n",
        "\n",
        ".Net HttpClient 支持 Cookie 功能，本教程详细介绍了Cookie 的管理与使用。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## 初始化"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 44,
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        "polyglot_notebook": {
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      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/markdown": [
              "## 初始化\n",
              "这是全局共用文件，包括Nuget包引用、全局类库引用、全局文件引用、全局命名空间引用、全局变量、全局方法、全局类定义等功能。\n",
              "\n",
              "在业务笔记中引用，执行其它单元格之前先执行一次。"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "display_data"
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          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<div><div></div><div></div><div><strong>Installed Packages</strong><ul><li><span>Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection, 9.0.5</span></li><li><span>Microsoft.Extensions.Http, 9.0.5</span></li><li><span>Microsoft.Extensions.Http.Polly, 9.0.5</span></li><li><span>Microsoft.Extensions.Logging, 9.0.5</span></li><li><span>Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console, 9.0.5</span></li><li><span>Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers, 9.0.5</span></li><li><span>Polly, 8.5.2</span></li><li><span>Refit, 8.0.0</span></li><li><span>Refit.HttpClientFactory, 8.0.0</span></li><li><span>System.Net.Http.Json, 9.0.5</span></li></ul></div></div>"
            ]
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          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "配置文件根目录：c:\\Users\\ruyu\\Desktop\\HttpClientStudy\\Docs\\Publish\\HttpClientStudy.Core\n",
            "配置文件根目录：c:\\Users\\ruyu\\Desktop\\HttpClientStudy\\Docs\\Publish\\HttpClientStudy.Core\n",
            "启动WebApi项目...\n",
            "程序[c:\\Users\\ruyu\\Desktop\\HttpClientStudy\\Docs\\Publish\\HttpClientStudy.WebApp\\HttpClientStudy.WebApp.exe]已在新的命令行窗口执行。如果未出现新命令行窗口，可能是程序错误造成窗口闪现！\n",
            "已启动WebApi项目,保持窗口打开状态！\n",
            "初始化完成！\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "#!import \"./Ini.ipynb\""
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## 什么是 Cookie"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "> Cookie 是服务器发送到用户浏览器并存储在本地的一小段数据,用来进行会话管理（如登录状态）、个性化设置（如主题偏好）、跟踪用户行为等功能。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## HttClient 手动管理 Cookie"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "如果只在简单的使用Cookie，想保持简洁、灵活。可以手管理。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "### 发送带Cookie的请求"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "polyglot_notebook": {
          "kernelName": "csharp"
        },
        "vscode": {
          "languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "+ 不使用Cookie"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 45,
      "metadata": {
        "polyglot_notebook": {
          "kernelName": "csharp"
        },
        "vscode": {
          "languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "{\"data\":\"\",\"code\":1,\"message\":\"没有Cookie\"}\r\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "{   //不使用Cookie\n",
        "    using (var client = new HttpClient(){BaseAddress=new Uri(webApiBaseUrl)})\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        var response = await client.GetAsync(\"/api/Cookie/GetRequestCookie\"); \n",
        "\n",
        "        //确保请求成功\n",
        "        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
        "\n",
        "        //读取响应内容\n",
        "        var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
        "\n",
        "        //输出 响应内容\n",
        "        Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
        "    }\n",
        "}"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "+ 手动设置Cookie: 在默认请求头中添加Cookie，适合快捷请求方法(Get,Post,Put,Delete等)\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 46,
      "metadata": {
        "polyglot_notebook": {
          "kernelName": "csharp"
        },
        "vscode": {
          "languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "{\"data\":[{\"key\":\"Client\",\"value\":\"PolyglotNotebook\"},{\"key\":\"User\",\"value\":\"andy\"}],\"code\":1,\"message\":\"成功\"}\n",
            "{\"data\":[{\"key\":\"Client\",\"value\":\"PolyglotNotebook\"},{\"key\":\"User\",\"value\":\"andy\"}],\"code\":1,\"message\":\"成功\"}\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "{   //多次请求时，都自动携带默认请求头Cookie\n",
        "\n",
        "    var client = new HttpClient()\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl),\n",
        "    };\n",
        "\n",
        "    //全局设置Cookie,所有快捷请求(Send方法的快捷方法：Get、Post、Put等)都会带上这个Cookie\n",
        "    //快捷方法，不能单独设置Cookie; 只有Send方法才可以单独设置Cookie\n",
        "    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add(\"Cookie\", \"Client=PolyglotNotebook,User=andy\");\n",
        "\n",
        "    //请求1\n",
        "    var response = await client.GetAsync(\"/api/Cookie/GetRequestCookie\"); \n",
        "\n",
        "    //确保请求成功\n",
        "    response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
        "\n",
        "    //读取响应内容\n",
        "    var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
        "\n",
        "    //输出 响应内容\n",
        "    Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
        "\n",
        "    //再次快捷请求，不用重新设置\n",
        "    //请求2\n",
        "    var response2 = await client.GetAsync(\"/api/Cookie/GetRequestCookie\"); \n",
        "\n",
        "    //确保请求成功\n",
        "    response2.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
        "\n",
        "    //读取响应内容\n",
        "    var content2 = await response2.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
        "\n",
        "    //输出 响应内容\n",
        "    Console.WriteLine(content2);\n",
        "\n",
        "}"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "+ 手动设置Cookie：每次请求设置 HttpRequestMessage，适合Send通用方法。当然可以合并默认请求头"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 47,
      "metadata": {
        "polyglot_notebook": {
          "kernelName": "csharp"
        },
        "vscode": {
          "languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "{\"data\":[{\"key\":\"Password\",\"value\":\"MyPassword\"},{\"key\":\"Role\",\"value\":\"Admin\"},{\"key\":\"Client\",\"value\":\"PolyglotNotebook\"},{\"key\":\"User\",\"value\":\"andy\"}],\"code\":1,\"message\":\"成功\"}\n",
            "响应头中没有Cookie\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "{   //手动设置Cookie, 单次HttpRequestMessage合并默认请求头Cookie\n",
        "\n",
        "    var client = new HttpClient()\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl),\n",
        "    };\n",
        "\n",
        "    //全局设置Cookie,所有请求都会带上这个Cookie\n",
        "    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add(\"Cookie\", \"Client=PolyglotNotebook,User=andy\");\n",
        "\n",
        "    //单请求设置\n",
        "    var requestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, \"/api/Cookie/GetRequestCookie\");\n",
        "    \n",
        "    //设置Cookie，会覆盖HttpClient设置的默认Cookie\n",
        "    requestMessage.Headers.Add(\"Cookie\", \"Password=MyPassword,Role=Admin\");\n",
        "    //添加默认\n",
        "    if(client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Contains(\"Cookie\"))\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        requestMessage.Headers.Add(\"Cookie\", client.DefaultRequestHeaders.GetValues(\"Cookie\"));\n",
        "    }\n",
        "\n",
        "    var response = await client.SendAsync(requestMessage);\n",
        "    var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
        "    Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
        "\n",
        "    //响应头也会自动带上Cookie\n",
        "    if(response.Headers.Contains(\"cookie\"))\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        Console.Write($\"响应头中Cookie为：\");\n",
        "        var cookies = response.Headers.GetValues(\"cookie\");\n",
        "        foreach (var cookie in cookies)\n",
        "        {\n",
        "            Console.WriteLine($\"{cookie}\");\n",
        "        }\n",
        "    }\n",
        "    else\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        Console.WriteLine($\"响应头中没有Cookie\");\n",
        "    }\n",
        "}"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "### 查看响应头中的Cookie"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 48,
      "metadata": {
        "polyglot_notebook": {
          "kernelName": "csharp"
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          "languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
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      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "响应头中没有Cookie\r\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "{   //获取响应头中的Cookie\n",
        "\n",
        "    var client = new HttpClient()\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl),\n",
        "    };\n",
        "\n",
        "    var response = await client.GetAsync(\"/api/Cookie/GetResponseCookie\");\n",
        "\n",
        "    //获取响应头中的Cookie\n",
        "    if(response.Headers.Contains(\"cookie\"))\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        Console.Write($\"响应头中Cookie为：\");\n",
        "        var cookies = response.Headers.GetValues(\"cookie\");\n",
        "        foreach (var cookie in cookies)\n",
        "        {\n",
        "            Console.WriteLine($\"{cookie}\");\n",
        "        }\n",
        "    }\n",
        "    else\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        Console.WriteLine($\"响应头中没有Cookie\");\n",
        "    }\n",
        "}"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## HttClient 使用 CookieContainer 自动管理 Cookie"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        ".NET 提供了 HttpClientHandler + CookieContainer 来自动管理 Cookie 生命周期和持久化。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "### 使用 CookieContainer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 49,
      "metadata": {
        "polyglot_notebook": {
          "kernelName": "csharp"
        },
        "vscode": {
          "languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "{\"data\":[{\"key\":\"ProjectName\",\"value\":\"WebApp\"},{\"key\":\"Version\",\"value\":\"Dotnet9\"}],\"code\":1,\"message\":\"成功\"}\r\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "{\n",
        "    var handler = new HttpClientHandler()\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        UseCookies = true,\n",
        "        CookieContainer = new CookieContainer(),\n",
        "    };\n",
        "\n",
        "    using var client = new HttpClient(handler)\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl),\n",
        "    };\n",
        "\n",
        "    // 第一次请求，服务端设置 Cookie\n",
        "    var response = await client.GetAsync(\"/api/Cookie/GetResponseCookie\");\n",
        "    response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
        "\n",
        "    // 第二次请求，自动携带之前设置的 Cookie\n",
        "    var response2 = await client.GetAsync(\"/api/Cookie/GetRequestCookie\");\n",
        "    var content2 = await response2.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
        "    Console.WriteLine(content2);\n",
        "}"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "### Cookie 持久化（保存与恢复）"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "若需要在程序重启后继续使用 Cookie，可将其序列化保存至文件或数据库。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "polyglot_notebook": {
          "kernelName": "csharp"
        },
        "vscode": {
          "languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "+ 保存 Cookie 到文件"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 50,
      "metadata": {
        "polyglot_notebook": {
          "kernelName": "csharp"
        },
        "vscode": {
          "languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "///<summary\n",
        "/// 保存Cookie到文件\n",
        "///</summary>\n",
        "public void SaveCookies(CookieContainer container, string filePath)\n",
        "{\n",
        "    using (var writer = new StreamWriter(filePath))\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        foreach (Cookie cookie in container.GetCookies(new Uri(webApiBaseUrl)))\n",
        "        {\n",
        "            writer.WriteLine($\"{cookie.Name}={cookie.Value};Domain={cookie.Domain};Path={cookie.Path};Expires={cookie.Expires}\");\n",
        "        }\n",
        "    }\n",
        "}\n",
        "\n",
        "//应用\n",
        "{\n",
        "    var handler = new HttpClientHandler()\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        UseCookies = true,\n",
        "        CookieContainer = new CookieContainer(),\n",
        "    };\n",
        "\n",
        "    using (var client = new HttpClient(handler))\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        client.BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl);\n",
        "\n",
        "        // 第一次请求，服务端设置 Cookie\n",
        "        var response = await client.GetAsync(\"/api/Cookie/GetResponseCookie\");\n",
        "        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
        "\n",
        "        SaveCookies(handler.CookieContainer, \"cookies.txt\");\n",
        "    }\n",
        "}"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "+ 从文件中加载 Cookie"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 51,
      "metadata": {
        "polyglot_notebook": {
          "kernelName": "csharp"
        },
        "vscode": {
          "languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "{\"data\":[{\"key\":\"ProjectName\",\"value\":\"WebApp\"},{\"key\":\"Version\",\"value\":\"Dotnet9\"}],\"code\":1,\"message\":\"成功\"}\r\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "//// <summary>\n",
        "/// 从文件中加载 Cookie\n",
        "/// </summary>\n",
        "public CookieContainer LoadCookies(string filePath)\n",
        "{\n",
        "    var container = new CookieContainer();\n",
        "    if (!File.Exists(filePath)) return container;\n",
        "\n",
        "    foreach (var line in File.ReadAllLines(filePath))\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        var parts = line.Split(';');\n",
        "        var nameValue = parts[0].Split('=');\n",
        "        var cookie = new Cookie(nameValue[0], nameValue[1])\n",
        "        {\n",
        "            Domain = parts[1].Replace(\"Domain=\", \"\").Trim(),\n",
        "            Path = parts[2].Replace(\"Path=\", \"\").Trim(),\n",
        "            Expires = DateTime.Parse(parts[3].Replace(\"Expires=\", \"\").Trim())\n",
        "        };\n",
        "        container.Add(cookie);\n",
        "    }\n",
        "\n",
        "    return container;\n",
        "}\n",
        "\n",
        "//发送请求：从文件中加载 Cookie, 在请求中携带\n",
        "{\n",
        "    var cookieBox = LoadCookies(\"cookies.txt\");\n",
        "\n",
        "    var handler = new HttpClientHandler()\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        UseCookies = true,\n",
        "        CookieContainer = cookieBox,\n",
        "    };\n",
        "\n",
        "    var client = new HttpClient(handler)\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl)\n",
        "    };\n",
        "\n",
        "    // 第一次请求，服务端设置 Cookie\n",
        "    var response = await client.GetAsync(\"/api/Cookie/GetRequestCookie\");\n",
        "    response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
        "\n",
        "    var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
        "\n",
        "    Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
        "}"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## 跨域 Cookie 处理"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "默认情况下，CookieContainer 会根据域名自动隔离 Cookie。若需跨域共享 Cookie，可通过以下方式实现："
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "+ 手动复制 Cookie"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 52,
      "metadata": {
        "polyglot_notebook": {
          "kernelName": "csharp"
        },
        "vscode": {
          "languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "//示例代码，无实际请求\n",
        "var sourceUri = new Uri(\"https://source.com\");\n",
        "var targetUri = new Uri(\"https://target.com\");\n",
        "\n",
        "foreach (Cookie cookie in handler.CookieContainer.GetCookies(sourceUri))\n",
        "{\n",
        "    var crossDomainCookie = new Cookie(cookie.Name, cookie.Value, cookie.Path, targetUri.Host);\n",
        "    handler.CookieContainer.Add(targetUri, crossDomainCookie);\n",
        "}"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "+ 自定义 CookieContainer（高级）"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "可以继承 CookieContainer 并重写相关方法以实现自定义 Cookie 共享策略。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## 进阶功能：Cookie 过期、安全标志、SameSite 设置等"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "+ 设置 Cookie 高级属性"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 53,
      "metadata": {
        "polyglot_notebook": {
          "kernelName": "csharp"
        },
        "vscode": {
          "languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "{\"data\":\"\",\"code\":1,\"message\":\"没有Cookie\"}\r\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "{\n",
        "    //发送请求\n",
        "    {\n",
        "        var handler = new HttpClientHandler()\n",
        "        {\n",
        "            UseCookies = true,\n",
        "            CookieContainer = new CookieContainer(),\n",
        "        };\n",
        "\n",
        "        var client = new HttpClient(handler)\n",
        "        {\n",
        "            BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl)\n",
        "        };\n",
        "\n",
        "        //设置Cookie\n",
        "        var cookie = new Cookie(\"jwt_token\", \"a.b.c\")\n",
        "        {\n",
        "            Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(7),\n",
        "            Domain = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl).Host,\n",
        "            Path = \"/\",\n",
        "            Secure = true,           // 仅 HTTPS 传输\n",
        "            HttpOnly = true,         // 防止 XSS 攻击\n",
        "        };\n",
        "\n",
        "        handler.CookieContainer.Add(new Uri(webApiBaseUrl), cookie);\n",
        "\n",
        "        // 第一次请求，服务端设置 Cookie\n",
        "        var response = await client.GetAsync(\"/api/Cookie/GetRequestCookie\");\n",
        "        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
        "\n",
        "        var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
        "\n",
        "        Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
        "    }\n",
        "}\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## 总结"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "| 功能               | 描述                                 | 适用场景                                   |\n",
        "|--------------------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------|\n",
        "| 手动设置 Cookie    | 灵活、简单                           | 单次请求或固定 Cookie                        |\n",
        "| 使用 HttpRequestMessage | 更精细控制 Cookie 行为              | 需要合并默认与自定义 Cookie                  |\n",
        "| 使用 CookieContainer | 自动管理 Cookie 生命周期             | 多次请求、需要保持会话状态                   |\n",
        "| Cookie 持久化       | 保存 Cookie 至文件或数据库           | 程序重启后仍需保持登录状态                   |\n",
        "| 跨域 Cookie         | 手动复制或自定义容器                 | 需要在多个域名之间共享 Cookie                |\n",
        "| 安全 Cookie 设置     | `Secure`、`HttpOnly`、`SameSite`     | 增强 Cookie 安全性                          |\n",
        "| 获取 Cookie 属性     | 查看 Cookie 的有效期、路径等信息      | 调试和日志记录                               |"
      ]
    }
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