HttpClientStudy/Docs/1.3.2.基础使用.使用请求数据.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "# HttpClient 使用请求数据"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "## 0、初始化及全局设置"
   ]
  },
  {
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    "//初始化，只执行一次\n",
    "\n",
    "// 引用nuget包和类库文件\n",
    "//#r \"nuget:Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers,8.0.12\"\n",
    "//#r \"nuget:Microsoft.Extensions.Http,8.0.1\"\n",
    "//#r \"nuget:System.Net.Http.Json,8.0.1\"\n",
    "#r \"./Publish/HttpClientStudy.Model/HttpClientStudy.Model.dll\"\n",
    "#r \"./Publish/HttpClientStudy.Core/HttpClientStudy.Core.dll\"\n",
    "\n",
    "//全局引用\n",
    "global using System;\n",
    "global using System.Collections;\n",
    "global using System.Linq;\n",
    "global using System.Linq.Expressions;\n",
    "global using System.Threading;\n",
    "global using System.Threading.Tasks;\n",
    "global using System.Net.Http;\n",
    "global using System.Net.Mime;\n",
    "global using System.Net.Http.Json;\n",
    "\n",
    "global using HttpClientStudy.Config;\n",
    "global using HttpClientStudy.Model;\n",
    "global using HttpClientStudy.Core;\n",
    "global using HttpClientStudy.Core.Utilities;\n",
    "\n",
    "//全局变量\n",
    "var webApiBaseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
    "var workDir = Environment.CurrentDirectory;\n",
    "var fullPath = System.IO.Path.GetFullPath(\"./Publish/HttpClientStudy.WebApp/HttpClientStudy.WebApp.exe\", workDir);\n",
    "\n",
    "//全局共享静态 HttpClient 对象\n",
    "public static HttpClient SharedClient = new HttpClient(new SocketsHttpHandler(){ PooledConnectionIdleTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)})\n",
    "{\n",
    "    BaseAddress = new Uri(WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl),\n",
    "};\n",
    "\n",
    "//启动已发布的WebApi项目\n",
    "{\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(\"启动WebApi项目\");\n",
    "    var startMessage = AppUtility.RunWebApiExeFile(fullPath);\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(startMessage);\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 1、使用url 传参"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "参数放在Url里，形如：http://www.baidu.com?name=zhangsan&age=18, GET、Head请求用的比较多。优点是简单、方便，能被浏览器缓存；缺点是参数长度等限制较多，数据暴露url中，可能比较长。"
   ]
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    "/**\n",
    "    URL传参：适合简单数据类型\n",
    "*/\n",
    "{\n",
    "    //获取响应字符串\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        var response = await SharedClient.GetAsync(\"api/Normal/GetAccount?id=1\");\n",
    "        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "        var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "        Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    //获取响应对象\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        var response = await SharedClient.GetAsync(\"api/Normal/GetAccount?id=1\");\n",
    "        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "\n",
    "        var result = await response.Content.ReadFromJsonAsync<BaseResult<Account>>();\n",
    "        result.Display();\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    //直接获取响应对象\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        var result = await SharedClient.GetFromJsonAsync<BaseResult<Account>>(\"api/Normal/GetAccount?id=1\");\n",
    "        result.Display();\n",
    "    }\n",
    "    \n",
    "}"
   ]
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 2、使用路由传参"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "路由参数，指参数使为URL的一部分，一般由后端API设定好，前端按规定使用即可。例如：后端指定/user/:id，前端使用/user/1，此时id为路由参数。"
   ]
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    "/*\n",
    "** 路由参数：参数是URL的一部分,由后端指定\n",
    "*/\n",
    "{//大括号：方便折叠、开成单独的作用域\n",
    "\n",
    "    var response = await SharedClient.GetAsync(\"api/Normal/GetAccount/管理员01\");\n",
    "    \n",
    "    //确定是成功的响应\n",
    "    response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "\n",
    "    //获取响应内容\n",
    "    var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "\n",
    "    //输出 \n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 3、使用请求头"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "把请求数据放入请求头中，传给后端。当然也可以传多个数据。不过，请求头中传数据限制比较多，一般只传简单的数据：比如jwt token 。"
   ]
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    "/*\n",
    "* 请求头: 值必须是字符串，如果有中文等需进行编码\n",
    "*/\n",
    "{\n",
    "    //设置请求头\n",
    "\n",
    "    //中文先编码，服务端接收后要解码\n",
    "    var codedName = System.Net.WebUtility.UrlEncode(\"管理员01\");\n",
    "\n",
    "    //SharedClient是共用的，所以不能多次添加,先移除旧值\n",
    "    if (SharedClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Contains(\"name\"))\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        SharedClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Remove(\"name\");\n",
    "    }\n",
    "    \n",
    "    //添加请求头\n",
    "    SharedClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add(\"name\", codedName);\n",
    "\n",
    "    var response = await SharedClient.GetAsync(\"api/Normal/GetAccountFromHeader\");\n",
    "    \n",
    "    //确定是成功的响应\n",
    "    response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "\n",
    "    //获取响应内容\n",
    "    var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "\n",
    "    //输出 \n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 4、使用请求体"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "把数据放在请求体中，发送到服务端。可以是简单的字符串，也可以是二进制数据(上传文件)、form表单项、编码过的form表单项、json、流式数据等形式，甚至是这个类型的组合。\n",
    "\n",
    "说下个人的几点理解：\n",
    "1、不管哪种请求体数据，都是放在请求体中，以二进制形式通过网络发往服务器，由服务器接收使用。客户端发送请求数据需要与服务端接收相配合；\n",
    "2、客户端通过Content-Typey请求头设置，告诉服务端请求发送的是哪种类型的数据;服务端根据Content-Type来识别、解析请求数据。常见的类型有：multipart/form-data、application/x-www-form-urlencoded、application/json、text/plain等；\n",
    "3、ASP.NET Core中，默认的请求体类型是FormUrlEncodedContent，所以默认情况下，客户端发送的请求数据是form表单项; asp.net 框架对json格式数据和表单数据进行了特殊处理，支持参数绑定等，可以使用[FromBody]特性，将请求数据绑定到对应的模型上。但普通的文本类型等不支持绑定等功能，需要从请求体中获取原始数据，自行处理。\n",
    "4、一次可发送多种格式数据，由统一的分隔符分隔。服务端可以从请求头[] Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=\"d2e38916-df08-4fec-a40e-3e5179736f32\"]拿到分隔符，然后根据分隔符将数据拆分出来。\n",
    "\n",
    "HttpClient 中，请求体也分为这几种(常见的)类型：\n",
    "1. MultipartFormDataContent\n",
    "2. FormUrlEncodedContent\n",
    "3. JsonContent\n",
    "4. StringContent\n",
    "5. ByteArrayContent\n",
    "6. StreamContent\n",
    "7. MultipartContent"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### MultipartFormDataContent ：Form表单"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Form表单，提交数据方式之一。"
   ]
  },
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    "/*\n",
    "*   Form表单，提交数据。一般为Put或Post提交。\n",
    "*/\n",
    "{\n",
    "    // 创建一个 MultipartFormDataContent 对象, 用来存入 Form表单 各项及值\n",
    "    var formContent = new MultipartFormDataContent();\n",
    " \n",
    "    // 添加表单字段\n",
    "    formContent.Add(new StringContent(\"1\"), \"id\");\n",
    "    formContent.Add(new StringContent(\"管理员01\"), \"name\");\n",
    " \n",
    "    // 发送POST请求\n",
    "    var response = await SharedClient.PostAsync(\"api/AdvancedGet/PostFormData\", formContent);\n",
    " \n",
    "    // 读取响应内容\n",
    "    string responseString = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    " \n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(responseString);\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### FormUrlEncodedContent ：Form表单 asp.net core 默认接收方式"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "/*\n",
    "    \n",
    "*/\n",
    "{\n",
    "\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
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   },
   "source": [
    "### StringContent 普通文本(也包括很多格式，甚至是自定义格式。要和服务器配合)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "source": [
    "/*\n",
    "    \n",
    "*/\n",
    "{\n",
    "    var requestContent = new StringContent(\"我是请求体第一段内容\", Encoding.UTF8, \"text/plain\");\n",
    "\n",
    "    var response = await SharedClient.PostAsync(\"/api/AdvancedPost/TextData\", requestContent);\n",
    "\n",
    "    var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
    "}"
   ]
  }
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