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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"dotnet_interactive": {
"language": "csharp"
},
"polyglot_notebook": {
"kernelName": "csharp"
}
},
"source": [
"# HttpClient 初始化与生命周期管理"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"HttpClient 旨在实例化一次，并在应用程序的整个生命周期内重复使用。\n",
"\n",
"为实现复用，HttpClient类库默认使用连接池和请求管道，可以手动管理(连接池、配置管道、使用Polly); 结合IoC容器、工厂模式(提供了IHttpClientFactory类库)、复原库Polly,可以更加方便、完善的使用,这也是推荐的方法。"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 0、初始化与全局设置"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 67,
"metadata": {
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"language": "csharp"
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{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<div><div></div><div></div><div><strong>Installed Packages</strong><ul><li><span>Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection, 8.0.0</span></li><li><span>Microsoft.Extensions.Http, 8.0.0</span></li><li><span>Microsoft.Extensions.Http.Polly, 8.0.7</span></li><li><span>Polly, 8.4.1</span></li><li><span>System.Net.Http.Json, 8.0.0</span></li></ul></div></div>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
},
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"启动WebApi项目\r\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"e:\\王高峰\\我的项目\\学习项目\\HttpClientStudy\\Docs\\Publish\\HttpClientStudy.WebApp\\HttpClientStudy.WebApp.exe"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
},
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"程序[e:\\王高峰\\我的项目\\学习项目\\HttpClientStudy\\Docs\\Publish\\HttpClientStudy.WebApp\\HttpClientStudy.WebApp.exe]已在新的命令行窗口执行。如果未出现新命令行窗口，可能是程序错误造成窗口闪现！\r\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"//全局设置，行运行一次，为后续准备\n",
"#r \"nuget:System.Net.Http.Json\"\n",
"#r \"nuget:Microsoft.Extensions.Http\"\n",
"#r \"nuget:Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection\"\n",
"#r \"nuget:Polly\"\n",
"#r \"nuget:Microsoft.Extensions.Http.Polly\"\n",
"#r \"./Publish/HttpClientStudy.Core/HttpClientStudy.Core.dll\"\n",
"\n",
"global using System;\n",
"global using System.IO;\n",
"global using System.IO.Enumeration;\n",
"global using System.Buffers;\n",
"\n",
"global using System.Collections;\n",
"global using System.Collections.Concurrent;\n",
"global using System.Linq;\n",
"global using System.Linq.Expressions;\n",
"global using System.Threading;\n",
"global using System.Threading.Tasks;\n",
"\n",
"global using System.Net.Http;\n",
"global using System.Net.Http.Headers;\n",
"\n",
"global using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;\n",
"global using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Extensions;\n",
"\n",
"global using Polly;\n",
"global using Polly.NoOp;\n",
"global using Polly.Simmy;\n",
"global using Polly.Retry;\n",
"global using Polly.Hedging;\n",
"global using Polly.Timeout;\n",
"global using Polly.Bulkhead;\n",
"global using Polly.Fallback;\n",
"global using Polly.RateLimit;\n",
"global using Polly.CircuitBreaker;\n",
"global using Polly.Utilities;\n",
"global using Polly.Extensions;\n",
"global using Polly.Wrap;\n",
"global using Polly.Registry;\n",
"global using Polly.Telemetry;\n",
"\n",
"global using HttpClientStudy.Config;\n",
"global using HttpClientStudy.Core;\n",
"global using HttpClientStudy.Core.Utilities;\n",
"\n",
"//启动已发布的WebApi项目\n",
"Console.WriteLine(\"启动WebApi项目\");\n",
"var workDir = Environment.CurrentDirectory;\n",
"var fullPath = System.IO.Path.GetFullPath(\"./Publish/HttpClientStudy.WebApp/HttpClientStudy.WebApp.exe\", workDir);\n",
"fullPath.Display();\n",
"var startMessage = AppUtility.RunWebApiExeFile(fullPath);\n",
"Console.WriteLine(startMessage);\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"dotnet_interactive": {
"language": "csharp"
},
"polyglot_notebook": {
"kernelName": "csharp"
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"vscode": {
"languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
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},
"source": [
"## 1、手动管理：直接实例化-强烈不推荐"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"下面这种每次使用都实例化的用法是最常见、最`不推荐的`：\n",
"\n",
"因为HttpClient刚推出时不成熟及微软官方文档的示例代码是这种用法，再加上这种是最简单方便的使用方法，就造成很多人使用这种用法。\n",
"这种方法有如下缺点：\n",
" 1. 每次使用都实例化，造成性能开销大、容易内存泄露；\n",
" 2. 并发量大、请求频繁时：网络端口会被耗尽 `Using包HttpClient,也只是在应用进程中释放了HttpClient实例，但http请求/响应是跨操作系统和网络的，而系统及网络问题在进程之上，不是进程所能处理的。`\n",
" \n",
"优点：\n",
" 1. 使用简单，好学易用；\n",
" 2. 并发量小且请求不频繁时，问题不大；"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
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"language": "csharp"
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"kernelName": "csharp"
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"outputs": [],
"source": [
"/*\n",
" 每次请求都实例化：并发量大、请求频繁进会耗尽套接字端口\n",
"*/\n",
"{ \n",
" var baseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
"\n",
" using(var client = new HttpClient())\n",
" {\n",
" //发送请求\n",
" var response = await client.GetAsync(baseUrl);\n",
" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" //显示句柄\n",
" var displayValue = display($\"第 1 次请求，成功！\");\n",
"\n",
" for(int i=0;i<10;i++)\n",
" {\n",
" using(var client = new HttpClient())\n",
" {\n",
" var response = await client.GetAsync(baseUrl);\n",
" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
" displayValue.Update($\"第 {i+1} 次/ 共 10 次请求，成功！\");\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 2、手动管理：静态类或单例"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"相比于直接new,实现了HttpClient的重用，`不推荐的`：\n",
"\n",
"缺点：\n",
" 1. 不够灵活、优雅：特别是有多个系列的请求时；\n",
" \n",
"优点：\n",
" 1. 复用 HttpClient\n",
" 2. 实现了HttpClient的重用，减少创建和销毁的开销"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
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"language": "csharp"
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"kernelName": "csharp"
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"outputs": [],
"source": [
"/*\n",
" 静态类/属性\n",
"*/\n",
"\n",
"public class HttpClientHelper\n",
"{\n",
" public readonly static HttpClient StaticClient;\n",
"\n",
" static HttpClientHelper()\n",
" {\n",
" SocketsHttpHandler handler = new SocketsHttpHandler()\n",
" {\n",
" PooledConnectionLifetime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),\n",
" };\n",
"\n",
" StaticClient = new HttpClient(handler);\n",
"\n",
" //统一设置：请求头等\n",
"\n",
" //统一错误处理\n",
"\n",
" //当然这里也可以设置Pipline，不过这里就不演示了\n",
" } \n",
"\n",
" public static async Task<HttpResponseMessage> GetAsync(string url)\n",
" {\n",
" return await StaticClient.GetAsync(url);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" public static async Task<string> GetStringAsync(string url)\n",
" {\n",
" var response = await StaticClient.GetAsync(url);\n",
" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
" return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" public static async Task<HttpResponseMessage> PostAsync(string url, HttpContent content)\n",
" {\n",
" return await StaticClient.PostAsync(url, content);\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"{ //调用静态类\n",
" var baseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
" var response = await HttpClientHelper.GetAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Config/GetApiConfig\");\n",
" var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
" Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
"\n",
" var response2 = await HttpClientHelper.GetStringAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Normal/GetAllAccounts\");\n",
" Console.WriteLine(response2);\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"dotnet_interactive": {
"language": "csharp"
},
"polyglot_notebook": {
"kernelName": "csharp"
},
"vscode": {
"languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
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"outputs": [],
"source": [
"/*\n",
" 单例实现1:\n",
" 1. 私有构造函数，防止外部实例化\n",
" 2. 使用静态只读变量存储类的实例，由.Net框架保证实例不变且线程安全\n",
" 3. 密封类，拒绝继承，保证不被子类破坏\n",
"*/\n",
"\n",
"// 使用Lazy<T>实现单例\n",
"public sealed class HttpClientSingleton \n",
"{\n",
" // 私有静态变量，用于存储类的实例\n",
" private static readonly HttpClientSingleton instance = new HttpClientSingleton();\n",
" \n",
" //公共静态属性，用于获取类的实例\n",
" public static HttpClientSingleton Instance\n",
" {\n",
" get\n",
" {\n",
" return instance;\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" private readonly HttpClient Client;\n",
"\n",
" //私有构造函数，防止外部实例化\n",
" private HttpClientSingleton() \n",
" {\n",
" SocketsHttpHandler handler = new SocketsHttpHandler()\n",
" {\n",
" PooledConnectionLifetime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),\n",
" };\n",
"\n",
" Client = new HttpClient(handler);\n",
"\n",
" //统一设置：请求头等\n",
"\n",
" //统一错误处理\n",
"\n",
" //可以使用IoC容器来管理\n",
"\n",
" //当然这里也可以设置Pipline，不过这里就不演示了\n",
" Console.WriteLine(\"HttpClientSingleton 初始化一次\");\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" public async Task<HttpResponseMessage> GetAsync(string url)\n",
" {\n",
" return await Client.GetAsync(url);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" public async Task<string> GetStringAsync(string url)\n",
" {\n",
" var response = await Client.GetAsync(url);\n",
" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
" return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"{ //调用示例\n",
"\n",
" var baseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
" var response = await HttpClientSingleton.Instance.GetAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Config/GetApiConfig\");\n",
" var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
" Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
"\n",
" var response2 = await HttpClientSingleton.Instance.GetStringAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Normal/GetAllAccounts\");\n",
" Console.WriteLine(response2);\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"dotnet_interactive": {
"language": "csharp"
},
"polyglot_notebook": {
"kernelName": "csharp"
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"vscode": {
"languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
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"outputs": [],
"source": [
"/*\n",
" 单例实现2:\n",
" 1. 私有构造函数，防止外部实例化\n",
" 2. 使用Lazy<T>, 延迟实例化, 由.Net 框架保证线程安全\n",
" 3. 密封类，拒绝继承，保证不被子类破坏\n",
"*/\n",
"\n",
"// 由于静态初始化器是由 .NET 运行时在后台处理的，因此它是线程安全的，不需要额外的锁定机制。\n",
"public sealed class HttpClientSingleton2\n",
"{\n",
" private static readonly Lazy<HttpClient> _httpClientLazy = new Lazy<HttpClient>(() =>\n",
" {\n",
" SocketsHttpHandler handler = new SocketsHttpHandler()\n",
" {\n",
" PooledConnectionLifetime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)\n",
" };\n",
"\n",
" var client = new HttpClient(handler)\n",
" {\n",
" // 可以在这里配置HttpClient的实例，例如设置超时时间、基地址等\n",
" //Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),\n",
" //BaseAddress = new Uri(\"https://api.example.com/\"),\n",
" };\n",
"\n",
"\n",
" //统一设置：请求头等\n",
"\n",
" //统一错误处理\n",
"\n",
" //可以使用IoC容器来管理\n",
"\n",
" //当然这里也可以设置Pipline，不过这里就不演示了\n",
" Console.WriteLine(\"HttpClientSingleton2 初始化一次\");\n",
"\n",
" return client;\n",
" });\n",
"\n",
" public static HttpClient Instance => _httpClientLazy.Value;\n",
"\n",
" // 私有构造函数，防止外部实例化\n",
" private HttpClientSingleton2() { } \n",
"\n",
" public async Task<HttpResponseMessage> GetAsync(string url)\n",
" {\n",
" return await _httpClientLazy.Value.GetAsync(url);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" public async Task<string> GetStringAsync(string url)\n",
" {\n",
" var response = await _httpClientLazy.Value.GetAsync(url);\n",
" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
" return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"{ //调用示例\n",
"\n",
" var baseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
" var response = await HttpClientSingleton2.Instance.GetAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Config/GetApiConfig\");\n",
" var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
" Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
"\n",
" var response2 = await HttpClientSingleton2.Instance.GetStringAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Normal/GetAllAccounts\");\n",
" Console.WriteLine(response2);\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 3、手动管理：多工具类(每类请求对应一种工具类或单例类)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"把不同类别的请求分成不同的工具类，业务类直接封装成工具类的方法。类似类型化的客户端。 简单使用的话，`比较推荐`\n",
"\n",
"优点:\n",
" 1. 复用HttpClient\n",
" 2. 可以灵活的进行统一配置\n",
" 3. 不同类别不同工具类，方便定制\n",
" 4. 业务直接封装成工具类方法，调用方便、快捷\n",
"\n",
"缺点：\n",
" 1. 工具类比较多，需要手动维护\n",
" 2. 工具类方法比较多且和业务直接相关，需要手动维护\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"dotnet_interactive": {
"language": "csharp"
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"polyglot_notebook": {
"kernelName": "csharp"
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"vscode": {
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"outputs": [],
"source": [
"// 百度服务类\n",
"public sealed class BaiduService \n",
"{\n",
" private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;\n",
" public BaiduService()\n",
" {\n",
" //初始化httpClient\n",
" var baseHander = new SocketsHttpHandler() \n",
" { \n",
" MaxConnectionsPerServer = 1000 \n",
" };\n",
"\n",
" _httpClient = new HttpClient(baseHander)\n",
" {\n",
" Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),\n",
" BaseAddress = new Uri(\"http://www.baidu.com\"),\n",
" };\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" ///// <summary>\n",
" /// 获取百度首页长度\n",
" /// </summary>\n",
" public async Task<int> GetIndexLengthAsync(string url)\n",
" {\n",
" var response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(url);\n",
" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
" var result = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
" return result.Length;\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"//调用示例\n",
"{\n",
" var service = new BaiduService();\n",
" var result = await service.GetIndexLengthAsync(\"/\");\n",
" Console.WriteLine(result);\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"dotnet_interactive": {
"language": "csharp"
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"polyglot_notebook": {
"kernelName": "csharp"
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"vscode": {
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"outputs": [],
"source": [
"// 本机服务类\n",
"// 百度服务类\n",
"public sealed class LocalService \n",
"{\n",
" private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;\n",
" public LocalService()\n",
" {\n",
" //初始化httpClient\n",
" var baseHander = new SocketsHttpHandler() \n",
" { \n",
" MaxConnectionsPerServer = 1000 \n",
" };\n",
"\n",
" _httpClient = new HttpClient(baseHander)\n",
" {\n",
" Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),\n",
" BaseAddress = new Uri(WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl),\n",
" };\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" ///// <summary>\n",
" /// 获取百度首页长度\n",
" /// </summary>\n",
" public async Task<string> GetIndexAsync(string url)\n",
" {\n",
" var response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(url);\n",
" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
" var result = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
" return result;\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"//调用示例\n",
"{\n",
" var service2 = new LocalService();\n",
" var result = await service2.GetIndexAsync(\"/api/Simple/GetAccount\");\n",
" Console.WriteLine(result);\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 4、手动管理：可复原(Polly)请求"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"dotnet_interactive": {
"language": "csharp"
},
"polyglot_notebook": {
"kernelName": "csharp"
},
"vscode": {
"languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
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"outputs": [],
"source": [
"#r \"nuget:Polly\"\n",
"#r \"nuget:Microsoft.Extensions.Http.Polly\"\n",
"\n",
"using Polly;\n",
"using Polly.Simmy;\n",
"using Polly.Retry;\n",
"using Polly.Extensions;\n",
"{\n",
" var pipleLine = new ResiliencePipelineBuilder()\n",
" .AddRetry(new RetryStrategyOptions()\n",
" {\n",
" ShouldHandle = new PredicateBuilder().Handle<Exception>(),\n",
" MaxRetryAttempts = 3, // Retry up to 3 times\n",
" OnRetry = args =>\n",
" {\n",
" // Due to how we have defined ShouldHandle, this delegate is called only if an exception occurred.\n",
" // Note the ! sign (null-forgiving operator) at the end of the command.\n",
" var exception = args.Outcome.Exception!; // The Exception property is nullable\n",
" Console.WriteLine(\"内部重试\");\n",
" return default;\n",
" }\n",
" })\n",
" .Build();\n",
"\n",
" var BaseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
" HttpClient client = new HttpClient(new SocketsHttpHandler(){})\n",
" {\n",
" BaseAddress = new Uri(BaseUrl),\n",
" };\n",
"\n",
" try\n",
" {\n",
" await pipleLine.ExecuteAsync(async (inneerToken)=>\n",
" {\n",
" var response = await client.GetAsync(\"api/Polly8/Retry_Exception\",inneerToken);\n",
" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
" });\n",
" }\n",
" catch(Exception ex)\n",
" {\n",
" Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);\n",
" }\n",
" finally\n",
" {\n",
"\n",
" }\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 5、IoC容器管理"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### 直接注册IoC"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 36,
"metadata": {
"vscode": {
"languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
}
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"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"9193\n",
"9193\n",
"18\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"/*\n",
" 注意：\n",
" 1、直接IoC管理：只能一个，不太方便；\n",
" 2、可使用.NET 8+ 的 KeyedService, 可以管理多个。 老版只能用服务集合，勉强能用；\n",
" 3、把HttpClient 放在多个类中，分别注册使用；不过这样，不如直接使用类型化客户端；\n",
"*/\n",
"{ // 直接使用\n",
" var services = new ServiceCollection();\n",
" services.AddSingleton<HttpClient>(new HttpClient()\n",
" {\n",
" //BaseAddress = new Uri(\"https://localhost:5001/\"),\n",
" Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),\n",
" });\n",
"\n",
" var client = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredService<HttpClient>();\n",
"\n",
" var resp = await client.GetAsync(\"https://www.baidu.com\");\n",
" resp.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
"\n",
" var content = await resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
" Console.WriteLine(content.Length);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"{ // KeyService: .Net 8+ 才支持的功能\n",
" var services = new ServiceCollection();\n",
" services\n",
" .AddKeyedSingleton<HttpClient>(\"HttpClientA\",new HttpClient()\n",
" {\n",
" BaseAddress = new Uri(\"https://www.baidu.com/\"),\n",
" Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),\n",
" })\n",
" .AddKeyedSingleton<HttpClient>(\"HttpClientB\", new HttpClient()\n",
" {\n",
" BaseAddress = new Uri(\"https://www.qq.com/\"),\n",
" Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),\n",
" });\n",
"\n",
" var clientA = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredKeyedService<HttpClient>(\"HttpClientA\");\n",
" var responseA = await clientA.GetAsync(\"/\");\n",
" responseA.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
" var contentA = await responseA.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
" Console.WriteLine(contentA.Length);\n",
"\n",
" var clientB = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredKeyedService<HttpClient>(\"HttpClientB\");\n",
"\n",
" var responseB = await clientB.GetAsync(\"/\");\n",
" responseB.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
"\n",
" var contentB= await responseB.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
" Console.WriteLine(contentB.Length);\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### HttpClient 多服务类"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 55,
"metadata": {
"vscode": {
"languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"A: 9508\n",
"A: 18\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"// IoC 多个HttpClient服务类\n",
"\n",
"public class HttpClientServerA\n",
"{\n",
" public static HttpClient Client = new HttpClient()\n",
" {\n",
" BaseAddress = new Uri(\"https://www.baidu.com/\"),\n",
" Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),\n",
" };\n",
"\n",
" public int GetBaiduIndexLength()\n",
" {\n",
" var requestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, \"/\");\n",
"\n",
" var response = Client.Send(requestMessage);\n",
"\n",
" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
"\n",
" var s = response.Content.ReadAsStream();\n",
" return (int)s.Length;\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"public class HttpClientServerB\n",
"{\n",
" public static HttpClient Client = new HttpClient()\n",
" {\n",
" BaseAddress = new Uri(\"https://www.qq.com/\"),\n",
" Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),\n",
" };\n",
"\n",
" public int GetBaiduIndexLength()\n",
" {\n",
" var requestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, \"/\");\n",
"\n",
" var response = Client.Send(requestMessage);\n",
"\n",
" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
"\n",
" var s = response.Content.ReadAsStream();\n",
" return (int)s.Length;\n",
" }\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"{\n",
" var services = new ServiceCollection();\n",
" services.AddScoped<HttpClientServerA>();\n",
" services.AddScoped<HttpClientServerB>();\n",
"\n",
" var provider = services.BuildServiceProvider();\n",
"\n",
" var clientA = provider.GetService<HttpClientServerA>();\n",
" var sumA = clientA.GetBaiduIndexLength();\n",
" Console.WriteLine($\"A: {sumA}\");\n",
"\n",
" var clientB = provider.GetService<HttpClientServerB>();\n",
" var sumB = clientB.GetBaiduIndexLength();\n",
" Console.WriteLine($\"A: {sumB}\");\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 6、客户端工厂管理：IHttpClientFactory(需要结合IoC) `强力推荐`"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"vscode": {
"languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
}
},
"source": [
"使用 IHttpClientFactory 创建和管理 `短期HttpClient` 是官方强力推荐的方式。特别是使用IoC或是 ASP.NET中后台调用其它接口的情况。\n",
"\n",
"IHttpClientFactory 综合使用了 HttpClient的多种特性：HttpClient的生命周期、HttpClient的配置、HttpClient的拦截器、HttpClient的缓存、HttpClient的依赖注入、Polly等等。\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 68,
"metadata": {
"vscode": {
"languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "Error",
"evalue": "System.InvalidOperationException: An invalid request URI was provided. Either the request URI must be an absolute URI or BaseAddress must be set.\r\n at System.Net.Http.HttpClient.PrepareRequestMessage(HttpRequestMessage request)\r\n at System.Net.Http.HttpClient.GetAsync(String requestUri)\r\n at Submission#69.<<Initialize>>d__0.MoveNext()\r\n--- End of stack trace from previous location ---\r\n at Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Scripting.ScriptExecutionState.RunSubmissionsAsync[TResult](ImmutableArray`1 precedingExecutors, Func`2 currentExecutor, StrongBox`1 exceptionHolderOpt, Func`2 catchExceptionOpt, CancellationToken cancellationToken)",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"System.InvalidOperationException: An invalid request URI was provided. Either the request URI must be an absolute URI or BaseAddress must be set.\r\n",
" at System.Net.Http.HttpClient.PrepareRequestMessage(HttpRequestMessage request)\r\n",
" at System.Net.Http.HttpClient.GetAsync(String requestUri)\r\n",
" at Submission#69.<<Initialize>>d__0.MoveNext()\r\n",
"--- End of stack trace from previous location ---\r\n",
" at Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Scripting.ScriptExecutionState.RunSubmissionsAsync[TResult](ImmutableArray`1 precedingExecutors, Func`2 currentExecutor, StrongBox`1 exceptionHolderOpt, Func`2 catchExceptionOpt, CancellationToken cancellationToken)"
]
}
],
"source": [
"//基础使用\n",
"{\n",
" var services = new ServiceCollection();\n",
" services.AddHttpClient<HttpClient>((provider, client) => \n",
" {\n",
" client.BaseAddress = new Uri(\"https://www.baidu.com\");\n",
" });\n",
"\n",
" var provider = services.BuildServiceProvider();\n",
"\n",
" var factory = provider.GetRequiredService<IHttpClientFactory>();\n",
"\n",
" var sum = factory.CreateClient().GetAsync(\"/\").Result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result.Length;\n",
" \n",
" Console.WriteLine(sum);\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"//\n",
"{\n",
"\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 7、综合管理：工厂 + 类型化客户端 ＋ 请求管道 + Polly(默认使用 连接池和IoC容器)"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": ".NET (C#)",
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"name": ".net-csharp"
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"language_info": {
"name": "python"
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